Republic Day: A Symbol of Turkey’s Resilience and Independence
The proclamation of the Republic on October 29 marks a significant turning point in Turkey’s history. This date is viewed as a rebellion against the hardships that followed the Treaty of Mudros, signed on October 30, 1918, by the Ottoman Empire. Atatürk, highlighting the difficulties post-Mudros, described the declaration of the Republic as “the outcry of a nation that was meant to be erased from history.”
The Outcomes of the Treaty of Mudros
The Treaty of Mudros legally facilitated the downfall of the Ottoman Empire and the occupation of its territories. As part of the agreement, the garrisons in Hejaz, Yemen, Syria, Mesopotamia, and Libya were surrendered. Additionally, strategic points in Anatolia were opened to occupation by the Allies. The discharging of the Ottoman army also led to Turkish ports and railways being placed at the Allies’ disposal.
Atatürk’s Analysis
On February 17, 1923, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk assessed the post-Mudros situation, lamenting how enemies were trampling over the most valuable parts of the homeland and expressing sorrow that even leaders had joined enemy ranks. Atatürk emphasized the establishment of the Republic as a symbol of the Turkish nation’s resurrection and liberation following the collapse of the Ottoman Empire.
Historical Significance of the Republic
For Atatürk, the proclamation of the Republic signified a rejection of surrender, represented by his assertion, “I tore up Mudros and threw it away.” October 29 is recognized as a date that underscores national consciousness and awareness. Atatürk also stressed the importance of learning from history to comprehend the foundation of the Republic of Turkey.
The Turkish Nation’s Struggle for Independence
On November 1, 1920, during the inaugural session of the Grand National Assembly, Atatürk asserted that the Turkish nation has always shown the capability to establish its own state. The Republic of Turkey is a state directly founded by the will of the Turkish people. Atatürk related this to the concept of “eternal statehood,” explaining the continuity of the Turkish nation’s historical heritage.
Conclusion and Call to Action
Today, it is crucial that national policies align with the internal organization of the Turkish nation and ensure solidarity and unity. Any attempts that could lead to the dissolution of the Republic of Turkey and the Turkish nation should not be ignored, as they could result in significant challenges in the future. Therefore, it is essential to learn from past lessons and act in unity.